Nutritional sensitivity of animal production, health, disease and environmental footprint. My studies range from strategic to applied, addressing research questions in both monogastric and ruminant farm animals but also in laboratory rodents. I am interested in developing discipline-based concepts across species, which form the basis of my research and teaching activities, and is a main driver for our Monogastric Science Research Centre.

2014-now: Principles in Animal Nutrition (lecturer/module leader; University of Edinburgh)

2015-now: Animal Feed Technology (lecturer/module leader; SRUC)

2019-now: Animal Systems in Global Academy (guest lecturer; University of Edinburgh)

2020-now: MSc Animal Nutrition (course leader, University of Glasgow/SRUC)

2020-now: Basic Animal Nutrition and Digestion (lecturer/module leader; SRUC)

2020-now: Nutrient Requirements and Diet Formulation (lecturer/module leader; SRUC)

2021-now: Strategic Animal Nutrition (lecturer/module leader; SRUC)

2021-now: Applied Animal Nutrition (lecturer/module leader; SRUC)

2007-2020: Pharmacology in Animal Health (lecturer; SRUC)

2011-2019: Pig Nutrition and Health (guest lecturer; University of Edinburgh)

2010-2019: Agricultural Technology (guest lecturer; SRUC)

2018-2019: Advanced Poultry Nutrition (module leader, SRUC/University of Glasgow)

2003-2006:                              Heidi Normanton (PhD, principle supervisor)

2004-2007:                              Kostas Zaralis (PhD, co-supervisor)

2006-2009:                              Alemayehu Kidane (PhD, principle supervisor)

2006-2009:                              Jennifer Coltherd (PhD, principle supervisor)

2006-2007:                              Amanda Miller (MRes, co-supervisor)

2007-2009:                              Katie Stephen (MPhil, co-supervisor)

2007-2010:                              Panos Sakkas (PhD, principle supervisor)

2007-2010:                              Stephanie Matheson (PhD, co-supervisor)

2008-2012:                              Gulbeena Saleem (PhD, principle supervisor)

2012-2017:                              Sokratis Ptochos (PhD, co-supervisor)

2012-2016:                              Jolinda Pollock (PhD, principle supervisor)

2013-2017:                              Ketema Tolossa (PhD, principle supervisor)

2013-2017:                              Aya Masuda (PhD, co-supervisor)

2016-2020:                              Salvatore Galgano (PhD, principle supervisor)

2017-now:                               Marwa Hussan (PhD, principle supervisor)

2018-now:                               Zulfa Insani (PhD, co-supervisor)

2021-now:                               Eleanor Hewett (PhD, co-supervisor)

Research outputs (papers, book chapters, full conference papers)

Lala, A.O., Oso, A.O., Osafo, E.L.K. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2020). Impact of reduced dietary crude protein levels and phytase enzyme supplementation on growth response, slurry characteristics and gas emissions of growing pigs. Animal Science Journal, e13381.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13381

Lala, A.O. Oso, A.O., Osafo, E.L.K, Houdijk, J.G.M. and Eyarefe, D.O. (2020). Effect of high concentration of phytase supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed with reduced dietary crude protein balanced with limiting amino acids. Livestock Science 240, 104143.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104143

Olukosi, O.A., Walker, R.L. and Houdijk, J.G.M. 2019. Evaluation of the nutritive value of legume alternatives to soybean meal for broiler chickens. Poultry Science 98, 5778-5788.

https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez374

Pollock, J., Gally, D.L., Hutchings, M.R., Hutchings, K.E.K. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2019). Changes in the Ileal, but Not Fecal, Microbiome in Response to Increased Dietary Protein Level and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Exposure in Pigs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, e01252-19.

Kasprzak, M.M., Houdijk, J.G.M., Olukosi, O.A., Appleyard, H., Kightley, S.P.J., Carré, P., Sutton, T. and Wiseman, J. (2018). The content and standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in rapeseed co-products fed to pigs. Livestock Science 208, 22-27.

Khattak, F., Paschalis, V., Green, M., Houdijk, J.G.M., Soultanas, P. and Mahdavi, J. (2018). TYPLEX® Chelate, a novel feed additive, inhibits Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation and cecal colonization in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 97, 1391–1399.

Masuda, A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Allen, J.E. and Athanasiadou S. (2018). Body protein reserves sustained maternal performances in early lactation but dietary protein was necessary to maintain performance and immune responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in lactating rats. Journal of Nutrition 148, 1638–1646.

Fox, N.J., Smith, L.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Athanasiadou, S. and Hutchings, M.R. (2018). Ubiquitous parasites drive 33% increase in methane yield from livestock. International Journal for Parasitology 48, 1017-1021.

D’Eath, R.B., Jarvis, S., Baxter, E.M. and Houdijk, J.G.M., 2018. Mitigating hunger in pregnant sows. In: Herd and Flock Welfare,Advances in Pig Welfare (ed. Špinka, M.). Woodhead Publishing. pp. 199-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101012-9.00007-1

Pollock, J., Gally, D.L., Glendinning, L., Tiwari, R., Hutchings, M.R. and Houdijk, J.G.M. 2018. Analysis of temporal fecal microbiota dynamics in weaner pigs with and without exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Animal Science 96, 3777–3790.

Kasprzak, M.M., Houdijk, J.G.M., Olukosi O.A., Appleyard, H., Kightley, S.P.J., Carre P., and Wiseman J. (2017). The influence of oil extraction process of different rapeseed varieties on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 227, 68-74.

Kasprzak, M.M., Houdijk, J.G.M., Liddell, S., Davis, K., Olukosi O.A., Kightley, S., White G.A. and Wiseman J. (2017). Rapeseed napin and cruciferin are readily digested by poultry. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, 658-666.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Tolkamp, B.J., Rooke, J.A. and Hutchings, M.R. (2017). Animal health and greenhouse gas intensity: the paradox of periparturient parasitism. International Journal for Parasitology 47, 633-641.

Olukosi O.A., Kasprzak, M.M., Kightley, S.P.J., Carre P., Wiseman J., and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2017). Investigations of the nutritive value of meals of double-low rapeseed and its influence on growth performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 96, 3338-3350.

Kasprzak, M.M., Houdijk, J.G.M., Kightley, S., Olukosi O.A., White G.A., Carre P., and Wiseman J. 2016. Effects of rapeseed variety and oil extraction method on the content and ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in rapeseed cake and softly processed rapeseed meal fed to broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 213, 90-98.

Athanasiadou, S., Tolossa, K., Debela, E., Tolera, A. and Houdijk, J.G.M., 2015. Tolerance and resistance to a nematode challenge are not always mutually exclusive. International Journal for Parasitology 45, 277-282.

White, G., Smith, L.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I. and Wiseman, J., 2015. Replacement of soya bean meal with peas and faba beans in growing / finishing pig diets: effect on performance, carcass composition and nutrient excretion. Animal Feed Science and Technology 209, 202-210.

Olukosi, O.A., Combémorel, C., Kightley, S., Wiseman, J. and Houdijk, J.G.M. 2015. True digestibility of phosphorus determined by regression method for double zero rapeseed meal. Livestock Science 182, 8–10.

Ricci, P., Chagunda, M.G.G., Rooke, J., Houdijk, J.G.M., Duthie, C.-A., Hyslop, J., Roehe, R., and Waterhouse, A. (2014). Evaluation of the laser methane detector to estimate methane emissions from ewes and steers. Journal of Animal Science 92, 5239–5250.

Sakkas, P., Jones, L.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Athanasiadou, S., Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I. (2013). Leucine and methionine deficiency impair immunity to gastrointestinal parasites during lactation. British Journal of Nutrition 109, 273-282.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Smith, L.A., Tarsitano, D., Tolkamp, B.J., Topp, C.E.F., Masey-O’Neill, H., White, G., Wiseman, J., Kightley, S. and Kyriazakis, I. (2013). Peas and faba beans as home grown alternatives for soya bean meal in grower and finisher pig diets. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 2013, Edited by P.C. Garnsworthy and J. Wiseman. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, pp. 145-175.

Smith, L.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Homer, D. and Kyriazakis, I. (2013). Effects of dietary inclusion of peas and faba beans as a replacement for soybean meal on grower and finisher pig performance and carcass quality. Journal of Animal Science 91, 3733-3741.

Tolossa, K., Debela, E., Athanasiadou, S., Tolera, A., Ganga G. and Houdijk J.G.M. (2013). Ethno-medicinal study of plants used for treatment of human and livestock ailments by traditional healers in South Omo, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9:32.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Athanasiadou, S. and Kyriazakis, I. (2012). Sensitivity of periparturient breakdown of immunity to parasites to dietary protein source. Journal of Animal Science 90, 3954-3962.

Houdijk, J.G.M. (2012). Differential effects of protein and energy scarcity on resistance to nematode parasites. Small Ruminant Research 103, 41-49.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I., Kidane, A. and Athanasiadou, S. (2012). Manipulating small ruminant parasite epidemiology through the combination of nutritional strategies. Veterinary Parasitology 186: 38-50.

Jones, L.A., Sakkas, P., Houdijk, J.G.M., Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I (2012). Amelioration of the periparturient relaxation of immunity to parasites through a reduction in mammalian reproductive effort. International Journal for Parasitology 42, 1127-1134.

Jones, L.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Sakkas, P., Bruce, A.D., Mitchell, M., Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I (2011). Dissecting the impact of protein versus energy host nutrition on the expression of immunity to gastrointestinal parasites during lactation. International Journal for Parasitology 41, 711-719.

Sakkas, P., Houdijk, J.G.M., Jones, L.A., Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I. (2011). Dietary protein and energy supplies differentially affect resistance to parasites in lactating mammals. British Journal of Nutrition 106, 1207-1215.

Rocha, R.A., Bricarello, P.A., Silva M.B., Houdijk, J.G.M., Almeida, F.A., Cardia, D.F.F. and Amarante A.F.T. 2011. Influence of protein supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation on the resistance of Santa Ines and Ile de France ewes to Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology 181, 229-238.

Coltherd, J.C., Babayan, S.A., Bünger, L., Kyriazakis, I., Allen, J.E. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2011). Interactive effects of protein nutrition, genetic growth potential and Heligmosomoides bakeri infection pressure on resilience, resistance and serum antibodies in mice. Parasitology 138, 1305-1315.

Athanasiadou, S., Jones, L.A., Burgess, S.T.G., Kyriazakis, I., Pemberton, A.D., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Huntley, J.F. (2011). Genome-Wide transcriptomic analysis of intestinal tissue to assess the impact of nutrition and a secondary nematode challenge in lactating rats. PLoS One 6(6): e20771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020771.

Athanasiadou, S., Tolkamp, B.J. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2011). Effects of nutrition on resistance and resilience of animals to gastro-intestinal parasites. In Expert meeting on Impact of Animal Nutrition on Animal Welfare. FAO, Rome, Italy. 26-30 September 2011. Fiat Panis, FAO; pp 62-84.  

Kidane, A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Athanasiadou, S., Tolkamp, B.J. and Kyriazakis, I. (2010). Effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasitism and performance of lambs. Journal of Animal Science 88: 1513-1521.

Kidane, A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Athanasiadou, S., Tolkamp, B.J. and Kyriazakis, I. (2010). Nutritional sensitivity of periparturient resistance to nematode parasites in two breeds of sheep with different nutrient demands. British Journal of Nutrition 104: 1477-1486.

Rooke, J.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., McIlvaney, K., Ashworth, C.J. and Dwyer, C.M. (2010). Differential effects of maternal undernutrition between days one and ninety of pregnancy on ewe and lamb performance and lamb parasitism in hill or lowland breeds. Journal of Animal Science 88: 3833-3842.

Athanasiadou, S. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2010). Nutrition and immunity in animal disease: lessons from parasitic gastroenteritis. In: Dietary Components and Immune Function (eds. R.R. Watson, S. Zibadi and V.R. Preedy). Springer Humana Press, New York, pp 63-74.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Athanasiadou, S., Eckersall, P.D., Mellor, D.J., Rogers, S., Girolami, M., Low, C.J. and Kyriazakis, I. (2010). Acute phase proteins as an indicator for sub-clinical disease in young pigs. Proceedings of the 8^th European Colloquium on Acute Phase Proteins; p. 50-57.

Zaralis, K., Tolkamp, B.J., Houdijk, J.G.M, Wylie, A.R.G. and Kyriazakis, I.  (2009). Consequences of protein supplementation on anorexia, expression of immunity and plasma leptin concentrations in parasitised ewes of two breeds. British Journal of Nutrition 101: 499-509.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Jackson, F. and Kyriazakis, I. (2009). Nutritional sensitivity of resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lactating ewes.  Veterinary Parasitology 160: 258-266.

Wellock, I.J., Houdijk, J.G.M., Miller, A.C., Gill, P.B. and Kyriazakis, I. (2009).  The effect of weaner diet protein level and diet quality on the long-term performance of pigs to slaughter. Journal of Animal Science 87: 1261-1269.

Colterd, J.C., Bünger, L., Kyriazakis, I. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2009) Genetic growth potential interacts with nutrition on the ability of mice to cope with Heligmosomoides bakeri infection.  Parasitology 136: 1043-1055.

Jones, L.A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I.  (2009) Immunomodulatory effects of dietary protein during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis re-infection in lactating rats.  Parasite Immunology 31: 412-421.

Kidane, A., Houdijk, J.G.M., Tolkamp, B.J., Athanasiadou, S., and Kyriazakis, I. (2009). Consequences of infection pressure and protein nutrition on periparturient resistance to Teladorsagia circumcincta and performance in ewes. Veterinary Parasitology 165: 78-87.

Athanasiadou, S., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Kyriazakis, I. (2008). Exploiting synergisms and interactions in the nutritional approaches to parasite control in sheep production systems. Small Ruminant Research 76: 2-11.

Wellock, I.J., Fortomaris, P.D., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Kyriazakis, I. (2008).  The interaction between dietary protein supply, weaning age and enterotoxigenic  Escherichia coli infection on the performance and health of newly weaned pigs: 1) performance. Animal 2: 825-833.

Wellock, I.J., Fortomaris, P.D., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Kyriazakis, I. (2008).  The interaction between dietary protein supply, weaning age and enterotoxigenic  Escherichia coli infection on the performance and health of newly weaned pigs: 2) health. Animal 2: 834-842.

Wellock, I.J., Fortomaris, P.D., Houdijk, J.G.M., Wiseman, J. and Kyriazakis, I. (2008).  The consequences of non-starch polysaccharide solubility and inclusion level on the health and performance of weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. British Journal of Nutrition 99: 520-530.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507819167

Houdijk, J.G.M. (2008). Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock. Parasite Immunology 30: 113-121.

Zaralis, K., Tolkamp, B.J., Houdijk, J.G.M, Wylie, A.R.G. and Kyriazakis, I.  (2008). Food intake and plasma leptin concentrations during gastrointestinal parasitism in lambs of two breeds. Journal of Animal Science 86: 1891-1903.

Normanton, H., Houdijk, J.G.M., Jessop, N.S. Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I. (2007). The effects of changes in nutritional demand on gastrointestinal parasitism in lactating rats. British Journal of Nutrition 97: 104-110.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507205781

Wellock, I.J., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Kyriazakis, I. (2007). Effect of dietary non-starch polysaccharide solubility and inclusion level on gut health and the risk of post weaning enteric disorders in newly weaned piglets. Livestock Science 108:186-189.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.050

Wellock, I.J., Fortomaris, P.D., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Kyriazakis, I. (2007). Effect of weaning age, protein nutrition and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge on the health of newly weaned piglets. Livestock Science 108:102-105.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.004

Houdijk, J.G.M., Campbell, F.M., Fortomaris, P.D., Eckersall, P.D. and Kyriazakis, I. (2007). Effects of sub-clinical post weaning colibacillosis and dietary protein on acute phase proteins in weaner pigs. Livestock Science 108: 182-185.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.048

Wellock, I.J., Houdijk, J.G.M., Skoufos, I., Fortomaris, P.D. and Kyriazakis, I. (2007). Is there a role for dietary fibre in the control of post-weaning colibacillosis in the newly weaned pig? The Pig Journal 59: 131-143.

Kyriazakis, I. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2007). Food intake and performance of pigs during health, disease and recovery. In: Paradigms in Pig Science (eds. J Wiseman, M.A. Varley, S. McOrist and B. Kemp). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, pp 493-513.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Jackson, F., and Kyriazakis, I. (2006). Rapid improvement of immunity to Teladorsagia circumcincta is achieved through a reduction in the demand for protein in lactating ewes. International Journal for Parasitology 36: 219-227.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.09.014

Wellock, I.J., Fortomaris, P.D., Houdijk, J.G.M. and Kyriazakis, I. (2006). The effect of dietary protein supply on the performance and risk of post-weaning enteric disorders in newly weaned pigs. Animal Science 82: 327-335.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC200643

Kyriazakis, I. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2006). Immunonutrition: nutritional control of parasites. Small Ruminant Research 62: 79-82.

Ketzis, J.K., Vercruysse, J., Stromberg, B.E., Larsen, M., Athanasiadou S. and Houdijk, J.G.M. (2006). Establishing performance requirements for novel methods of controlling helminth infections in ruminants. Veterinary Parasitology 139: 321-335.

Wellock, I.J., Houdijk, J.G.M., Fortomaris, P.D., Edwards, S.A., and Kyriazakis, I. (2006). Too much of a good thing: protein, gut health and performance. The Pig Journal 57: 158-172.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F., Huntley, J.F. and Coop, R.L. (2005). Effects of protein supply and reproductive status on local and systemic immune responses to Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep. Veterinary Parasitology 129: 105-117.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.12.023

Houdijk, J.G.M., Jessop, N.S. Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I. (2005). Secondary infection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in lactating rats is sensitive to dietary protein content. British Journal of Nutrition 93: 493-499.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041391

Bricarello, P.A., Amarante, A.F.T., Rocha, R.A., Cabral Filho, S.L., Huntley, J.F., Houdijk, J.G.M., Abdalla, A.L. and Gennari, S.M. (2005) Influence of dietary protein supply on resistance to experimental infections with Haemonchus contortus in Ile de France and Santa Ines lambs. Veterinary Parasitology 134: 99-109.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.068

Huntley, J.F., Jackson, F., Coop, R L., Macaldowie, C., Houdijk, J.G.M., Familton, A.S., Xieh, H.L., Stankiewicz, M. and Sykes, A.R. (2004). The sequential analysis of local inflammatory cells during abomasal nematode infection in periparturient sheep. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 97: 163-176.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.09.002

Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F., Huntley, J.F. and Coop, R.L. (2003). Is the allocation of metabolisable protein prioritised to milk production rather than to immune functions in Teladorsagia circumcincta infected lactating ewes? International Journal for Parasitology 33: 327-338.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00284-9

Houdijk, J.G.M., Jessop, N.S. Knox, D.P. and Kyriazakis, I. (2003). Breakdown of immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in lactating rats. British Journal of Nutrition 90: 809-814.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2003961

Houdijk, J.G.M and Athanasiadou, S. (2003). Direct and indirect effects of host nutrition on ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. In: VI International Symposium on the nutrition of herbivores (eds. L. ‘t Mannetje, L.Ramírez-Avilés, C.A. Sandoval-Castro and J.C. Ku-Vera). Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, pp 213-236.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Verstegen, M.W.A., Bosch M.W. and Van Laere, K.M.J., (2002). Dietary fructooligosaccharides and transgalactooligosaccharides can affect fermentation characteristics in gut contents and portal plasma of growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 73: 175-184.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00250-0

Houdijk, J.G.M., Hartemink, R., Bosch, M.W. and Verstegen, M.W.A., (2002). Effects of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides on microbial characteristics of ileal chyme and faeces in weaner pigs. Archives of Animal Nutrition 56: 297-307.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214346

Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F. and Coop, R.L. (2001). The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity to Teladorsagia circumcincta in periparturient ewes. Animal Science 72: 595-606. 

Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800052127

Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I., Coop, R.L. and Jackson, F. (2001). The expression of immunity to Teladorsagia circumcincta in ewes and its relationship to protein nutrition depend on body protein reserves. Parasitology 122: 661-672.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182001007922

Houdijk, J.G.M. and Verstegen, M.W.A. (2001). About oligosaccharides in animal nutrition (in Dutch). Dier-en-Arts 16; 393-398.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Jessop, N.S. and Kyriazakis, I. (2001). Nutrient partitioning between reproductive and immune functions in animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 60: 515-525.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F., Huntley, J.F. and Coop, R.L. (2000). Can an increased intake of metabolizable protein affect the periparturient relaxation in immunity against Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep? Veterinary Parasitology 91: 43-62.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00255-7

Houdijk, J.G.M., Bosch, M.W., Tamminga, S., Verstegen, M.W.A., Berenpas, H.B., and Knoop, H. (1999). Apparent ileal and total tract nutrient digestion by pigs as affected by dietary nondigestible oligosaccharides. Journal of Animal Science 77: 148-158.

Link: https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.771148x

Peet-Schwering, C. van der, Houdijk, J.G.M., Binnendijk, G. (1999). Fructo-oligosachariden geen geschikte groeibevorderaars. Praktijkonderzoek varkenshouderij 13 (3). p. 25 – 27 (in Dutch).

Houdijk, J.G.M., Bosch, M.W., Verstegen, M.W.A., and Berenpas, H.J. (1998). Effects of dietary oligosaccharides on the growth performance and faecal characteristics of young growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 71:35-48.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00138-7

Houdijk, J.G.M. (1998). Effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides in young pig diets. Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University. Ponsen en van Looijen, Wageningen: 184 p.

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