AIE-featured tetraphenylethylene nanoarchitectures in biomedical application: Bioimaging, drug delivery and disease treatment

The development of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has received extreme considerations from basic and clinical researches. To date, various luminogens with AIE property (AIEgens) have been broadly utilized in optoelectronic devices, fluorescent bio-probes, drug delivery, anticancer and chemosensors and many more. Scientists have likewise dedicated to investigating the possibilities of AIEgens in the biomedical field. Among the various AIE luminophores studied, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives have demonstrated as most promising AIEgen, owing to their capacity in self-organization and conjugation with aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) fluorophores to form larger multi-component assemblies. It likewise generally utilized in different fields, like organic and therapeutic science, supramolecular chemistry, organic electronics, cancer therapy, apoptosis and inflammation, microorganism imaging therapy etc. This review encompasses the recent advances of TPE based AIE-active luminophores and their potential applications in biomolecular science.