Biogenic enabled in-vitro synthesis of nickel cobaltite nanoparticle and its application in single stage hybrid biohydrogen production

In biomass to biofuels production technology enzyme plays a key role. Nevertheless, the high production cost of cellulase enzyme is one of the critical issues in the economical production of biofuels. Nowadays, implementation of nanomaterials as catalyst is emerging as an innovative approach for the production of sustainable energy. In this context, synthesis of nickel cobaltite nanoparticles (NiCo₂O₄ NPs) via in vitro route has been conducted using fungus Emericella variecolor NS3 meanwhile; its impact has been evaluated on improved thermal and pH stability of crude cellulase enzyme obtained from Emericella variecolor NS3. Additionally, bioconversion of alkali treated rice straw using NiCo₂O₄ NPs stabilized cellulase produced sugar hydrolyzate which is further used for H₂ production via hybrid fermentation. Total 51.7 g/L sugar hydrolyzate produced 2978 mL/L cumulative H₂ production after 336 h along with maximum rate 34.12 mL/L/h in 24 h using Bacillus subtilis PF_1 and Rhodobacter sp. employed for dark and photo-fermentation, respectively.