Conversion technologies for valorization of hemp lignocellulosic biomass for potential biorefinery applications

Fossil fuel supplies are becoming scarce as a result of the growing world's population. The increasing use of fossil fuels also pose a threat to ecosystem. Renewable energy sources should be revived in order to meet future energy demands, and minimize the adverse effects on environment. Biofuels and biochemicals can be made from a wide variety of lignocellulosic biomass, which has been studied for decades. Several useful bioproducts can now be made from hemp's lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, and others). Hemp has considerable commercial potential as it can be used in biorefinery applications for the production of bioethanol, biodiesel, biohydrogen, biogas, organic acids, biomaterials, bio-oil and various pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals compounds. Effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added bioproducts for biorefinery and other potential applications relies on a wide range of pretreatment processes. This article aims to highlight recent developments in hemp lignocellulosic conversion technologies for biorefinery applications and other value-added products development with the goal of bolstering future industries in a manner that is more environmentally friendly and secure.