E-waste recycling and utilization: A review of current technologies and future perspectives

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly growing problem worldwide due to the increasing consumption of electronic devices and the short lifespan of these products. E-waste recycling and utilization have emerged as potential solutions to this problem, aiming to recover valuable materials and minimize environmental impact. This review article provides an overview of the current e-waste recycling and utilization technologies, including mechanical recycling, pyrolysis and gasification, hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical processing, and emerging technologies. The challenges and limitations of e-waste recycling and utilization are also discussed, including technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects. Additionally, we include the case studies and success stories worldwide, highlighting examples of successful e-waste recycling, utilization and lessons learned. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the future perspectives and opportunities of e-waste management are also explained.