Killer whale genomes reveal a complex history of recurrent admixture and vicariance

Andrew D Foote, Michael D Martin, Marie Louis, George Pacheco, Kelly M Robertson, Mikkel-Holger S Sinding, Ana R Amaral, Robin W Baird, Charles Scott Baker, Lisa Ballance, Jay Barlow, Andrew Brownlow, Tim Collins, Rochelle Constantine, Willy Dabin, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Nicholas J Davison, John W Durban, Ruth Esteban, Steven H FergusonTim Gerrodette, Christophe Guinet, M Bradley Hanson, Wayne Hoggard, Cory J D Matthews, Filipa I P Samarra, Renaud de Stephanis, Sara B Tavares, Paul Tixier, John A Totterdell, Paul Wade, Laurent Excoffier, M Thomas P Gilbert, Jochen B W Wolf, Phillip A Morin

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    40 Citations (Scopus)
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    Abstract

    Reconstruction of the demographic and evolutionary history of populations assuming a consensus tree-like relationship can mask more complex scenarios, which are prevalent in nature. An emerging genomic toolset, which has been most comprehensively harnessed in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history, enables molecular ecologists to elucidate complex population histories. Killer whales have limited extrinsic barriers to dispersal and have radiated globally, and are therefore a good candidate model for the application of such tools. Here, we analyse a global data set of killer whale genomes in a rare attempt to elucidate global population structure in a nonhuman species. We identify a pattern of genetic homogenisation at lower latitudes and the greatest differentiation at high latitudes, even between currently sympatric lineages. The processes underlying the major axis of structure include high drift at the edge of species' range, likely associated with founder effects and allelic surfing during postglacial range expansion. Divergence between Antarctic and non-Antarctic lineages is further driven by ancestry segments with up to four-fold older coalescence time than the genome-wide average; relicts of a previous vicariance during an earlier glacial cycle. Our study further underpins that episodic gene flow is ubiquitous in natural populations, and can occur across great distances and after substantial periods of isolation between populations. Thus, understanding the evolutionary history of a species requires comprehensive geographic sampling and genome-wide data to sample the variation in ancestry within individuals.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)3427-3444
    Number of pages18
    JournalMolecular Ecology
    Volume28
    Issue number14
    Early online date27 May 2019
    DOIs
    Publication statusPrint publication - Jul 2019

    Bibliographical note

    © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

    Keywords

    • Admixture
    • Drift
    • Genomics
    • Population structure
    • Secondary contact

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