New horizons in benzothiazole scaffold for cancer therapy: Advances in bioactivity, functionality, and chemistry

In the pasture of oncology, anticancer agents having advanced modes of action are of great interest because of increasing chronicity of resistance against anticancer drugs. Heterocyclic scaffolds like benzothiazoles are reported to display an extensive range of pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-tubercular, antiviral, fungicidal, etc. and are indispensable tools for the researchers involved in vistas of chemistry for proposing of novel anticancer drugs. Benzothiazole scaffold is a bicyclic organic compound having benzene ring fused with heterocyclic nucleus (thiazole) containing sulphur and nitrogen atoms that possess a wide range of different pharmacological activities and are still of grand and logical concern nowadays. Interesting pharmacological activities are exhibited by benzothiazoles and they were developed as successful inhibitors of a variety of biological targets such as tubulin polymerase inhibitor, DNA topoisomerase-inhibitor, an Abl kinase inhibitor, HDAC inhibitor, Aurora-B kinase inhibitor. This review highlights the latest research on the structure-activity relationship of benzothiazole scaffold against different biological targets for their anticancer activity. This survey additionally addresses the recent patents granted and novel advancement made through the application of nanocarriers in recent decades with thorough talk of benzothiazoles as conceivable anticancer mediators which may be helpful for the emerging scientific pursuits.