Precision livestock farming usage among a subset of U.S. swine producers: Insights through a structural equation modeling approach

There is limited information about which factors influence the use and intention to use Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies in livestock farming. Effective interventions that address the enablers and barriers to using PLF require a theoretical model to identify these factors. We empirically evaluated the Capability Opportunity Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model using US swine producers as a case study. Specifically, we tested the COM-B model as a framework for planning interventions in two behavioral contexts: PLF usage and the intention to use PLF. Our cross-sectional survey involved 53 swine producers from Iowa, Michigan, and North Carolina. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to specify and test the models. Most participants were male, aged 31–50, with extensive farming experience. Awareness was high for electronic sow feeders (ESF), radio frequency identification (RFID), and weighing scales but lower for other technologies. Over one-third currently use PLF, with many non-users open to future adoption. Capability positively influences PLF usage, while motivation mediates the effect of opportunity, with high costs deterring usage. Effective interventions should address cost concerns and focus on animal welfare to promote efficient, welfare-friendly swine production.