RETRACTED A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles

Naveen Thakur; Nikesh Thakur; Anil Kumar; Vijay Kumar Thakur; Susheel Kalia; Vedpriya Arya; Ashwani Kumar; Sunil Kumar; George Z. Kyzas

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815

RETRACTED A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles

Naveen Thakur^*
, Nikesh Thakur
, Anil Kumar
, Vijay Kumar Thakur
, Susheel Kalia
, Vedpriya Arya
, Ashwani Kumar
, Sunil Kumar
, George Z. Kyzas

^*Corresponding author for this work

Biorefining And Advanced Materials Research Centre

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

258 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) have become a focal point of research due to their widespread daily use and diverse synthesis methods, including physical, chemical, and environmentally sustainable approaches. These nanoparticles possess unique attributes such as size, shape, and surface functionality, making them particularly intriguing for applications in the biomedical field. The continuous exploration of TiO₂ NPs is driven by the quest to enhance their multifunctionality, aiming to create next-generation products with superior performance. Recent research efforts have specifically focused on understanding the anatase and rutile phases of TiO₂ NPs and evaluating their potential in various domains, including photocatalytic processes, antibacterial properties, antioxidant effects, and nanohybrid applications. The hypothesis guiding this research is that by exploring different synthesis methods, particularly chemical and environmentally friendly approaches, and incorporating doping and co-doping techniques, the properties of TiO₂ NPs can be significantly improved for diverse applications. The study employs a comprehensive approach, investigating the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, dose, and exposure time on performance. The synthesis methods considered encompass both conventional chemical processes and environmentally friendly alternatives, with a focus on how doping and co-doping can enhance the properties of TiO₂ NPs. The research unveils valuable insights into the distinct phases of TiO₂ NPs and their potential across various applications. It sheds light on the improved properties achieved through doping and co-doping, showcasing advancements in photocatalytic processes, antibacterial efficacy, antioxidant capabilities, and nanohybrid applications. The study concludes by emphasizing regulatory aspects and offering suggestions for product enhancement. It provides recommendations for the reliable application of TiO₂ NPs, addressing a comprehensive spectrum of critical aspects in TiO₂ NP research and application. Overall, this research contributes to the evolving landscape of TiO₂ NP utilization, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative and high-performance products.

Original language	English
Article number	169815
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	914
Early online date	4 Jan 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815
Publication status	Print publication - Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier B.V.
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on Article
Correction, Retraction and Removal (https://www.elsevier.com/about
/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal).
d
,
of this article. In summary, 11 papers by the authors were cited in the
original version of the article. This increased to 28 papers in the revised
version of the article.
This article is being retracted at the request of an impartial field
expert acting in the role of an independent Publishing Ethics advisor.
Post-publication, an investigation was conducted on behalf of the
journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team with
guidance from the Independent Publishing Ethics Advisor. This inves
tigation found a significant increase of citations to papers published by
the authors, Nikesh Thakur, Naveen Thakur, Ashwani Kumar, and
Vedpriya Arya, between the original submission and the revised version
DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815.
* Corresponding authors.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182156
Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team reached out to
the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory
explanation.
Having reviewed the findings of Elsevier's Research Integrity &
Publishing Ethics team, the Independent Publishing Ethics Advisor has
lost confidence in the integrity of the article and has determined it
should be retracted.
The authors disagree with retraction and dispute the grounds for it

Keywords

Antibacterial
Nanoparticles
Photocatalysis
Titanium oxide
Antioxidants
Nanoparticles/chemistry
Titanium/chemistry
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology

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RETRACTIONOther version, 301 KB

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Cite this

Thakur, N., Thakur, N., Kumar, A., Thakur, V. K., Kalia, S., Arya, V., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2024). RETRACTED A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles. Science of the Total Environment, 914, Article 169815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815

@article{cf1a107158af483aa2ba9f1292acdafa,

title = "RETRACTED A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles",

abstract = "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have become a focal point of research due to their widespread daily use and diverse synthesis methods, including physical, chemical, and environmentally sustainable approaches. These nanoparticles possess unique attributes such as size, shape, and surface functionality, making them particularly intriguing for applications in the biomedical field. The continuous exploration of TiO2 NPs is driven by the quest to enhance their multifunctionality, aiming to create next-generation products with superior performance. Recent research efforts have specifically focused on understanding the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs and evaluating their potential in various domains, including photocatalytic processes, antibacterial properties, antioxidant effects, and nanohybrid applications. The hypothesis guiding this research is that by exploring different synthesis methods, particularly chemical and environmentally friendly approaches, and incorporating doping and co-doping techniques, the properties of TiO2 NPs can be significantly improved for diverse applications. The study employs a comprehensive approach, investigating the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, dose, and exposure time on performance. The synthesis methods considered encompass both conventional chemical processes and environmentally friendly alternatives, with a focus on how doping and co-doping can enhance the properties of TiO2 NPs. The research unveils valuable insights into the distinct phases of TiO2 NPs and their potential across various applications. It sheds light on the improved properties achieved through doping and co-doping, showcasing advancements in photocatalytic processes, antibacterial efficacy, antioxidant capabilities, and nanohybrid applications. The study concludes by emphasizing regulatory aspects and offering suggestions for product enhancement. It provides recommendations for the reliable application of TiO2 NPs, addressing a comprehensive spectrum of critical aspects in TiO2 NP research and application. Overall, this research contributes to the evolving landscape of TiO2 NP utilization, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative and high-performance products.",

keywords = "Antibacterial, Nanoparticles, Photocatalysis, Titanium oxide, Antioxidants, Nanoparticles/chemistry, Titanium/chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology",

author = "Naveen Thakur and Nikesh Thakur and Anil Kumar and Thakur, \{Vijay Kumar\} and Susheel Kalia and Vedpriya Arya and Ashwani Kumar and Sunil Kumar and Kyzas, \{George Z.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 Elsevier B.V. This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on Article Correction, Retraction and Removal (https://www.elsevier.com/about /policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). d , of this article. In summary, 11 papers by the authors were cited in the original version of the article. This increased to 28 papers in the revised version of the article. This article is being retracted at the request of an impartial field expert acting in the role of an independent Publishing Ethics advisor. Post-publication, an investigation was conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity \& Publishing Ethics team with guidance from the Independent Publishing Ethics Advisor. This inves tigation found a significant increase of citations to papers published by the authors, Nikesh Thakur, Naveen Thakur, Ashwani Kumar, and Vedpriya Arya, between the original submission and the revised version DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815. * Corresponding authors. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182156 Elsevier's Research Integrity \& Publishing Ethics team reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation. Having reviewed the findings of Elsevier's Research Integrity \& Publishing Ethics team, the Independent Publishing Ethics Advisor has lost confidence in the integrity of the article and has determined it should be retracted. The authors disagree with retraction and dispute the grounds for it",

year = "2024",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815",

language = "English",

volume = "914",

journal = "Science of the Total Environment",

issn = "0048-9697",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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T1 - RETRACTED A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles

AU - Thakur, Naveen

AU - Thakur, Nikesh

AU - Kumar, Anil

AU - Thakur, Vijay Kumar

AU - Kalia, Susheel

AU - Arya, Vedpriya

AU - Kumar, Ashwani

AU - Kumar, Sunil

AU - Kyzas, George Z.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier B.V. This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on Article Correction, Retraction and Removal (https://www.elsevier.com/about /policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). d , of this article. In summary, 11 papers by the authors were cited in the original version of the article. This increased to 28 papers in the revised version of the article. This article is being retracted at the request of an impartial field expert acting in the role of an independent Publishing Ethics advisor. Post-publication, an investigation was conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team with guidance from the Independent Publishing Ethics Advisor. This inves tigation found a significant increase of citations to papers published by the authors, Nikesh Thakur, Naveen Thakur, Ashwani Kumar, and Vedpriya Arya, between the original submission and the revised version DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815. * Corresponding authors. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182156 Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation. Having reviewed the findings of Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team, the Independent Publishing Ethics Advisor has lost confidence in the integrity of the article and has determined it should be retracted. The authors disagree with retraction and dispute the grounds for it

PY - 2024/3

Y1 - 2024/3

N2 - Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have become a focal point of research due to their widespread daily use and diverse synthesis methods, including physical, chemical, and environmentally sustainable approaches. These nanoparticles possess unique attributes such as size, shape, and surface functionality, making them particularly intriguing for applications in the biomedical field. The continuous exploration of TiO2 NPs is driven by the quest to enhance their multifunctionality, aiming to create next-generation products with superior performance. Recent research efforts have specifically focused on understanding the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs and evaluating their potential in various domains, including photocatalytic processes, antibacterial properties, antioxidant effects, and nanohybrid applications. The hypothesis guiding this research is that by exploring different synthesis methods, particularly chemical and environmentally friendly approaches, and incorporating doping and co-doping techniques, the properties of TiO2 NPs can be significantly improved for diverse applications. The study employs a comprehensive approach, investigating the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, dose, and exposure time on performance. The synthesis methods considered encompass both conventional chemical processes and environmentally friendly alternatives, with a focus on how doping and co-doping can enhance the properties of TiO2 NPs. The research unveils valuable insights into the distinct phases of TiO2 NPs and their potential across various applications. It sheds light on the improved properties achieved through doping and co-doping, showcasing advancements in photocatalytic processes, antibacterial efficacy, antioxidant capabilities, and nanohybrid applications. The study concludes by emphasizing regulatory aspects and offering suggestions for product enhancement. It provides recommendations for the reliable application of TiO2 NPs, addressing a comprehensive spectrum of critical aspects in TiO2 NP research and application. Overall, this research contributes to the evolving landscape of TiO2 NP utilization, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative and high-performance products.

AB - Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have become a focal point of research due to their widespread daily use and diverse synthesis methods, including physical, chemical, and environmentally sustainable approaches. These nanoparticles possess unique attributes such as size, shape, and surface functionality, making them particularly intriguing for applications in the biomedical field. The continuous exploration of TiO2 NPs is driven by the quest to enhance their multifunctionality, aiming to create next-generation products with superior performance. Recent research efforts have specifically focused on understanding the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs and evaluating their potential in various domains, including photocatalytic processes, antibacterial properties, antioxidant effects, and nanohybrid applications. The hypothesis guiding this research is that by exploring different synthesis methods, particularly chemical and environmentally friendly approaches, and incorporating doping and co-doping techniques, the properties of TiO2 NPs can be significantly improved for diverse applications. The study employs a comprehensive approach, investigating the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, dose, and exposure time on performance. The synthesis methods considered encompass both conventional chemical processes and environmentally friendly alternatives, with a focus on how doping and co-doping can enhance the properties of TiO2 NPs. The research unveils valuable insights into the distinct phases of TiO2 NPs and their potential across various applications. It sheds light on the improved properties achieved through doping and co-doping, showcasing advancements in photocatalytic processes, antibacterial efficacy, antioxidant capabilities, and nanohybrid applications. The study concludes by emphasizing regulatory aspects and offering suggestions for product enhancement. It provides recommendations for the reliable application of TiO2 NPs, addressing a comprehensive spectrum of critical aspects in TiO2 NP research and application. Overall, this research contributes to the evolving landscape of TiO2 NP utilization, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative and high-performance products.

KW - Antibacterial

KW - Nanoparticles

KW - Photocatalysis

KW - Titanium oxide

KW - Antioxidants

KW - Nanoparticles/chemistry

KW - Titanium/chemistry

KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85182376661

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DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169815

M3 - Review article

C2 - 38184262

AN - SCOPUS:85182376661

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 914

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

M1 - 169815

ER -

RETRACTED A critical review on the recent trends of photocatalytic, antibacterial, antioxidant and nanohybrid applications of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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