The role of energy security and resilience in the sustainability of green microgrids: Paving the way to sustainable and clean production

Besides having adverse environmental impacts, power production from conventional sources is severely threatened by uncertainties, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and political conflicts between energy-producing nations. These uncertainties and risks highlight the unsustainability of energy security in conventional power generation systems. Hence, green microgrids are an excellent way to generate carbon-free power to mitigate the risks and decelerate climate change. Compared to conventional sources, green microgrids are less affected by uncertainties such as political decisions and can reduce dependency on foreign energy resources. However, providing sustainable power from clean energy systems faces challenges, including low reliability and high cost. The significant reduction in construction costs and advancements in clean microgrid technology have facilitated the widespread deployment of these systems, enabling them to effectively meet power demand in remote and rural regions. This study aligns with the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, aiming to increase the employment of sustainable and clean power production systems to mitigate climate change and its impacts. The article reviews the disruptions and risks threatening the energy systems’ security and green microgrids. It discusses various methods and tools to estimate the resilience and security of energy systems to give readers a better understanding of the potential risks and disruptions associated with green microgrids. Additionally, the paper identifies the challenges and limitations of transitioning to clean energy systems and presents future directions for improving their security and resilience. It also emphasizes the significance of transitioning to green microgrids to achieve sustainable and clean power while reducing the adverse environmental impacts of using conventional energy sources.